The evaporators used for the refrigeration and the air conditioning applications have different types of construction depending on the application. Evaporation is a standard thermally driven unit operation. The boiling point rise of the milk independent of pressure can be estimated from bprc 1. Each effect would consist a heat transfer surface, a vapour separator, as well as a vacuum source and a condenser. Design and simulation of a multiple effect evaporator. Chemical process plants include a number of important equipment such as reactors, distillation columns, absorbers, heat exchangers, evaporators, crystallizers, etc. T otit sti as the coil surface temperature, t s, must be free to vary thus ensuring that.
In a multipleeffect evaporator, water is boiled in a sequence of vessels, each held at a lower pressure than the last. This article describes the important parts of a refrigerator and also their working. Introduction evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapor from a solution, slurry or suspension. For the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. This is the main point where the program must be modified for use in evaporator design, i. Bachelor of science in chemical engineering magna cum laude bachelor of science in chemistry cum laude. Although, as a common practice, dryers are seldom designed by the users, but are brought from companies that are specialized in design and fabrication of. Evaporation technology gea engineering for a better world. Design of a packed distillation column for a unit operations laboratory by mr. Nptel syllabus process modelling and simulation web course course outline the process modeling and simulation of chemical engineering processes has attracted the attention of scientists and engineers for many decades and is still a subject of major importance for the knowledge of unitary processes of transport and kinetics. Mechanical vapor compression increasing the temperature and pressure of the vapor requires significantly less energy than producing steam at the desired conditions from liquid water. Soil exploration lecture notes, notes, pdf free download, engineering notes, university notes, best pdf notes, semester, sem, year, for all, study material.
In a mechanical vapor compression mvc evaporator heat is transferred to the circulating stream by condensing vapor from the compressor s. The plate evaporator, for example, offers full accessibility to the heat transfer surfaces. Since evaporators are energy intensive system, use of vapour compression can considerably reduce steam consumption, but at the cost of. A feed distributor at the entry point distributes the liquid in a thin film on the heated wall. Because the boiling point of water decreases as pressure. Describes the operation of a singleeffect evaporator that is used to concentrate a solution. Thermal analysis on triple effect falling film evaporator vanitha dunna1 p. This project standards and specifications is intended to cover minimum requirements for process design of dryers used in oil, gas, and petrochemical process plants. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 2 of 31 lecture 1.
Design of a packed distillation column for a unit operations. Evaporator design consists of three principal elements. The chemical treatment is needed to prevent thefoaming and the tendency for scale formation in the evaporator. In many ways, the refrigerator works in a similar manner to how a home air conditioning unit works. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 9 of 31 2. Purchase handbook of evaporation technology 1st edition. This concentrated liquids in a gentle and efficient manner in a way unparalleled in its time. Describe multievaporator systems with individual compressors and multiple expansion valves section. Heat transfer in refrigerator condensers and evaporators. Types and design in the evaporation process, concentration of a product is accomplished by boiling. These plants are made using highquality raw component in tandem with international quality standards.
An agitated thin film evaporator atfe, also known as thin film evaporator tfe or wiped film evaporator wfe, consists of a jacketed shell precision machined from inside and a rotor having blades that maintain a close clearance from the shell. A multipleeffect evaporator is an equipment system for efficiently using the heat from steam to evaporate water. Sep 05, 20 for the love of physics walter lewin may 16, 2011 duration. Design of triple effect evaporator developed by a program in. Multiple effect evaporator system led by the team of efficient professionals, we are able to offer multiple effect evaporator system to our clients. The systems design was based upon the humidifying capacity of an ultrasonic humidifier supplied by a quebec company, plastique frapa inc. The domestic refrigerator is one found in almost all homes for storing food, vegetables, fruits, beverages, and much more.
Evaporator selection considered in detail in volume 6, has been discussed by moore and hesler20 and parker21. Electricity 1994 ocean thermal energy conversion otec. This is to certify that the project entitled design and simulation of a multiple effect evaporator using vapor bleeding is an original work done by monalishanayak, roll no. Perform thermal design calculations on refrigerant evaporators using various heat transfer correlations presented in the lecture. Learn three methods to improve evaporator efficiency. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii joint initiative of iits and iisc funded by mhrd page 35 of 41 practice problem. Nptel provides elearning through online web and video courses various streams. Geawiegand has substantially contributed to the development of evaporation technology. The horizontal tube evaporator figure 2 is the oldest type of chemical evaporator, although other improved types are now more commonly used. Evaporation is an operation used to remove a liquid from a solution, suspension, or emulsion by boiling off some of the liquid.
Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii. As the refrigerant passes through the condenser, its temperature decreases steadily because of the temperature glide. Farnham submittedtothedepartmentofmechanicalengineering onmay18,2014. Thermal analysis on triple effect falling film evaporator. Mee plant, multiple effect evaporation system, multiple. Single effect evaporation desalination processthe feed seawater mf is chemically treated and deaerated before beingpumped to the evaporator. Process hazards and safety measures in equipment design. Two or more evaporator units can be run in sequence to produce a multiple effect evaporator shown on the right. Vapor can be reused in the same evaporator by increasing its temperature and pressure close to those of the steam injected into the heat exchanger. Chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii nptel. Design of such equipment should be carried out a priory to setup a. In this system, heat transfer from warm surface sea water occurs in the evaporator, producing a saturated vapor from the working suid. Heat transfer in refrigerator condensers and evaporators d.
Based on their construction the various types of evaporators are. Parts of an evaporator heat exchanger ka calandria. We define the evaporation process as one that starts with a liquid. Introduction evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapor from a solution, slurry or suspension of solid in a liquid. The principal advantage of horizontal tube evaporators lies in. Design and fabrication of evaporators for thermoadsorptive batteries by taylora. And large temperature glides have a greater influence than small ones. National institute of technology, rourkela department of chemical engineering, national institute of technology, rourkela. Design a horizontal condenser for the condensation of 45,000 lbh of almost pure normal propyl alcohol available at 15 psig. The purpose of evaporation is to concentrate a solution of a nonvolatile solute i.
A number of problems will be solved to illustrate the concepts clearly. Although, as a common practice, dryers are seldom designed by the users, but are brought from companies. The first wiegand evaporator, built in 1908, was a patented multipleeffect circulation evaporator. A i t f 200 250 212 100 sensible steam heat measurable temperature temperature above 212 f. Design and fabrication of evaporators for thermoadsorptive. It also provides flexible capacity merely by adding more plate units, shorter product residence time resulting in a superior quality concentrate, a more compact design with low headroom requirements, and low. D 1,2department of mechanical engineering 1,2andhra university, visakhapatnam530026, india abstractevaporation is an operation used to remove a. A triple effect forward feed evaporator is being used to evaporate a milk containing 10 % solids to a condensed milk of 50% t. Rac ebook nptel lession 1 to 40 free ebook download as pdf file. Gasketed plate evaporator the gasketedplate evaporator is also called the plate evaporator because the design is similar to that of a plate heat exchanger. The aim is to concentrate a nonvolatile solute, such as organic compounds. Parker has attempted to test the suitability of each basic design for dealing with the problems encountered in practice, and the basic information is presented in the form shown in figure 14.
Evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapor from a. Iits and iiscs free open online web and video courses for science and engineering under nptel similar websites like nptel. Thermodynamic design of condensers and evaporators. Design and simulation of a multipleeffect evaporator using. In our sugar industry the solvent is juice, heat is supplied by condensing steam, and the heat is transferred by indirect heat transfer across metallic surfaces. It is thus a thermal separation, or thermal concentration, process. Introduction, types of evaporators, methods of feeding of evaporators, general design consideration of evaporator. Aug 31, 2015 evaporation equipment and design of evaporators 1. Nptel syllabus chemical engineering design ii web course course outline chemical industries involve problems in process design, unit operations, equipment design. Evaporation is a unit operation that separates a liquid from solids by means of heat transfer via vaporization or boiling. Take standard vertical short tube evaporator calendria type data. Pressure drop previous versions of the program, described by dobson et al.
This can be done using a steam jet or a compressor. Agitated thin film evaporator atfe wiped film evaporator. The horizontal tube evaporator is the only type of chemical evaporator in which the heating medium is inside the tubes. Nptel chemical engineering chemical engineering design ii 2. Mansfield, university of florida, chemical engineering graduating term. Present analysis and design aspects of refrigerant condensers, estimation of heat transfer.
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